Ko ngā Hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) he momo matū e tohu ana i te wha o ngā whakatupuranga o ngā hau fluorinated. He mea hanga motuhake ēnei matū hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, me te pupuri tonu i ngā paerewa mahi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tono ahumahi. Kua piki haere te hiranga o ngā HFO hei refrigerants,ngā kai pupuhi, ngā pūwero, me ngā whakarewa, e tuku ana i tētahi huarahi kē atu pumau ki ō rātou mua.
He aha ngā HFO?
Ko ngā HFO he matū waro kore-māku e titoa ana i te hauwai, te wheorine, me ngā ngota waro. Ko tō rātou hanganga matū kore-māku, e whakaatu ana i te iti rawa i te kotahi te hononga takirua i waenga i ngā ngota waro, e wehewehe ana i a rātou mai i ngā whakatupuranga o mua o ngā hau wheorine, pērā i ngā hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) me ngā chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). Nā tēnei rerekētanga hanganga ka kore e pumau ngā HFO i roto i te āhuarangi, ka taea ai e rātou te pakaru tere ake, ā, ka whakaiti nui i tō rātou pūmanawa whakamahana ā-ao (GWP).
Ngā tono o ngā HFO
He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā HFO, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi ahumahi matua:
Ngā pouaka whakamātao
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te HFO i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamatao me te hauhautanga nā te iti o te GWP me te tino pai o te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Hei tauira, he mea noa te whakamahi i roto i te hauhautanga motuka me ngā pūnaha whakamatao arumoni.
I roto i te hanga pahuka polyurethane, ka whakamahia te HFO hei pūwero pupuhi hei whakawhanui me te hanga i te hanganga pahuka. Ko ngā pūwero pupuhi e hangai ana ki te HFO, pērā i te HFO-1336mzz(Z), e paingia ana mō ō rātou āhuatanga whakamahana me te iti o te tapuwae taiao, e pai ai mō te whakamahana pahuka rehu me te hanga papa mārō.
Ngā propellants
E whakamahia ana ngā HFO hei pūwero i roto i ngā mahi aerosol, tae atu ki ngā hua tiaki whaiaro, ngā rongoā, me ngā rehu ahumahi. Nā te iti o te GWP me te kore e mura, ka haumaru ake, ka pai ake hoki te taiao i ngā pūwero tuku iho pērā i ngā HFC.
Ngā whakarewa
Ka whakamahia ētahi whakatakotoranga HFO hei whakarewa i roto i ngā tukanga horoi ahumahi, e tuku ana i te kaha ki te utu nui me te whakaiti i te paitini me ngā mōrearea taiao.
Ngā Painga o ngā HFO
Kei te whānui haere te manakohia o ngā HFO nā ō rātou painga maha:
Te Pūmanawa Whakamahana Iti o te Ao (GWP):
Kei roto i ngā HFO ngā GWP mai i te iti iho i te 1 ki te 10, he hekenga nui tēnei ki te whakataurite ki ngā HFC, e neke atu ana i te 1,000 ngā GWP. Nā tēnei ka waiho ngā HFO hei taputapu matua mō te whawhai ki te huringa āhuarangi.
Te Roa Poto o te Ora i te Āhuarangi:
Mā te ine i te roanga o te ora i roto i te āhuarangi i roto i ngā rā ki ngā wiki, ka whakaitihia e ngā HFO ngā pānga taiao mō te wā roa, ki te whakaritea ki ngā HFC me ngā CFC, e mau tonu ana mō ngā tau, ngā tekau tau rānei.
Te Whakatutukitanga Ture:
E hangai ana ngā HFO ki ngā kaupapa ture ā-ao pērā i te Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, e whakahau ana i te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā matū GWP teitei.
Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao:
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e ngā pūnaha e whakamahi ana i ngā pouaka whakamātao HFO te pai ake o te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te whakaiti anō i ngā tukunga waro.
Haumaru me te Hototahi:
Ko ngā HFO kāore e paitini i te nuinga o te wā, ā, he hototahi ki ngā pūnaha o nāianei kua hangaia mō ngā HFC, e āwhina ana i te whakawhiti maeneene ake mō ngā ahumahi.
Whakamutunga
He whanaketanga nui te Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) i roto i te mara o ngā hau fluorinated, e aro ana ki ngā wero taiao me te mahi. Ko tā rātou mahi i roto i ngā refrigerants, ngā pupuhi, ngā propellants me ngā whakarewa e whakaatu ana i tō rātou whānui me te hiranga i roto i te ahumahi hou. Mā te auahatanga tonu me te piripono ki ngā Whāinga Tauwhiro o te ao, kua rite te HFO ki te ārahi i te whakawhiti ki tētahi heke mai matomato ake, tauwhiro ake.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 27-2024